Dependencies Before following the steps below, I installed the WSL feature on my workstation by completing the following steps: Open Applications and Features appwiz.
In the list, find the service you want to configure in my case, LxssManager. Right-click the security template object in the navigation tree and click Save. Alternatively, you can just close the MMC. If necessary, move this file to a location accessible by a machine that has the Remote Server Administration Tools installed. Create a new Group Policy Object and name it. A mechanism to provision IoT devices with limited or no displays into the network will also be introduced along with WPA3.
Mobile Device Best Practices When Traveling OCONUS Abstract: In their brief history, mobile devices have evolved to become the critical link between a remote user and the home office, providing travelers with access to business applications and data they would otherwise lack.
Ensuring that this line of communication is private and secure is imperative. The security guidance outlined below applies to U. Government personnel using Government-issued commercial mobile devices in a public network as they travel in foreign countries.
The mitigations address a range of threats that might be encountered in foreign countries. Steps to Secure Web Browsing Abstract: Web browsers pose a unique risk to enterprise infrastructure because of their frequent exposure to untrusted dynamic content.
Configuring browser security settings is challenging due to uncertainty of both attack mitigation effectiveness and impact on end users. A key goal of this paper is to avoid impact to users while mitigating as many attacks as possible. The following guidance uses a statistics-based approach to identify three mitigations in commonly-used web browsers that, in combination, will ward off nearly all publicly known attacks. Further mitigations are provided at the end of the document for administrators seeking to defend against adversaries with significant resources.
Windows 10 for Enterprises Security Benefits of Timely Adoption Abstract: This document describes features present in Windows 10 Enterprise bit that can disrupt exploitation techniques and tools used against National Security Systems today and how the timely adoption of new releases can help to protect systems in the future. The capabilities of our adversaries have been demonstrated and cyber incidents are increasing in frequency and complexity.
Simply building a network with a hardened perimeter is no longer adequate. Securing ICSs against the modern threat requires well-planned and well-implemented strategies that will provide network defense teams a chance to quickly and effectively detect, counter, and expel an adversary.
Net Defenders need the ability to make operational decisions based on complex threat data published by Threat Analysts. A unique platform that unifies the Net Defender and Threat Analyst communities, Unfetter breaks down barriers through seamless data sharing across the enterprise. This common technical cyber lexicon supports sharing, product development, operational planning, and knowledge driven operations across the IC.
Public dissemination of the technical cyber lexicon allows for collaboration within the whole community. Use of the NTCTF facilitates organizing and examining adversary activity to support knowledge management and enable analytic efforts.
The mitigations also build upon the NIST Cybersecurity Framework functions to manage cybersecurity risk and promote a defense-in-depth security posture. The mitigation strategies are ranked by effectiveness against known APT tactics. Additional strategies and best practices will be required to mitigate the occurrence of new tactics. The updated release informed users that devices continue to be vulnerable after the 29 January advisory and software release.
Furthermore, Cisco disclosed the existence of additional vulnerable features. The updated advisory, released 5 February , recommends users again install updated software since the versions released on 29 January do not include fixes for the newly disclosed vulnerabilities. This data is used by digital camera manufacturers and applications that process digital images to provide additional information about media files.
The metadata includes manufacturer specific information such as the make, model and lens information of the device that generated the file; image information e. This guidance document examines the Exif specifications for data attack, data hiding, and data disclosure risks that exist within the metadata structure. It provides a breakdown of each component of Exif metadata and provides recommendations that can help assure that Exif data is not only compliant with the specifications, but also free of risk.
This document analyzes elements and objects contained within the EBTS file structure and then discusses the data hiding, data attack, and data disclosure risks. It describes how identified elements can be a cause for concern for hiding sensitive data to ensure EBTS files are safer for users to open and conform to the specification.
Analysis of Optical Character Recognition OCR Techniques for Security Marking Detection Abstract: This document deconstructs the problem of automated character recognition and defines a methodology for conducting optical character recognition OCR on images for boundary protection devices to determine their classification.
This research can be leveraged in order to make determinations on the transfer of images between security domains. Note that schema validation alone is not enough to prevent transfer of unauthorized data; users must perform other content filtering such as dirty word and anti-virus checks, in conjunction with schema validation.
This document analyzes the various elements contained within the PNG images and then discusses data attack, data disclosure, and data hiding risks. It describes how these elements can then be a cause for concern from hidden sensitive data or from attempts to exploit a system. This report provides numerous recommendations and mitigations that could be used to ensure the use of PNG is safe and that files conform to the specification.
It describes a combination of lossy compression methods for storage and transmission of audio and video using available storage media and transmission bandwidth. It includes an analysis of the issues with the H. It also provides for inclusion of metadata such as Key-Length-Value, which can be obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle platforms capturing motion imagery. The MPEG-2 standard contains detail down to the bit level, fields that include metadata, conditional information, and variable length content require inspection to ensure data is not hidden or unintentionally disclosed.
Given the typically large amount of data contained in MPEG-2 files, inspection and sanitization are critical to ensure that all content within the files can be displayed to end users and that files have no malicious content.
Three password levels are used to interact with machine firmware prior to the operating system boot. Verification, Inspection, and Sanitization Report Specification Abstract: The Verification, Inspection and Sanitization VIS Report Specification provides a standardized XML-based mechanism to describe the results of all the verification, inspection, sanitization, transformation, and transliteration filter actions performed by a Filter Orchestration Engine FOE and its associated filters on a given set of data.
However, a VIS Report has general applicability to any system or component performing filtering including local and distributed filters, filter orchestration engines, Filter Sidecars, Cross Domain Solutions CDS , and other boundary protection devices e. Unicode Security Risks Abstract: Fundamentally, computers process numbers, not letters, so when a computer processes text, the characters must be converted into numbers prior to processing.
There are many schemes for encoding characters as numbers. This document provides a brief overview of Unicode and discusses the potential security risks posed by using Unicode. It includes background on the growth of Unicode, definitions of commonly used Unicode terms, tips for creating filters to avoid visual spoofing attacks, and links to tools and further information. The latest NITF 2. NITF files contain numerous segments of data that include images, graphics, text, as well as custom data in a strict format.
As with prior ISG documents, this document is concerned with data hiding, data disclosure, and data attack risks. For example, although the NITF standard is well-defined and contains detail down to the byte level, there remain fields that include metadata, conditional information, and variable length content that require inspection to ensure nothing is hidden within the file.
The nature of NITF files is to include a variety of imagery and associated data that could potentially be displayed to an end user. Information can be selectively displayed to the user based on capability and the information that was requested. With potentially a large amount of data located in these files, inspection and sanitization is key to ensuring that information contained in the file is authorized for display to the user and that the data cannot be used to attack the system.
NET framework. On July 7, , security researchers revealed a vulnerability within DNN versions 5. CVE rogue data cache load , also known as Meltdown, has been confirmed to affect Intel processors. The vulnerabilities could be leveraged to read privileged system memory from an unprivileged context. The vulnerable processors are present in systems widely used across the Department of Defense DoD. Software patches have been released by vendors to mitigate the hardware vulnerabilities.
Securing Kernel Modules on Linux Operating Systems Abstract: The Linux kernel is the core component of a family of Operating Systems OS that underpins a large number of government and commercial servers and infrastructure devices. Kernel functionality is commonly enhanced through the use of modules, which can be loaded at boot time or during normal system operation.
Modules run at the same privilege level as the kernel. Any vulnerabilities in kernel modules present a serious risk. System owners are advised to 1 ensure that only signed kernel modules are loaded, and 2 prevent loading of unnecessary kernel modules.
Although it reduces attack surface, preventing module loading is not practical for many general-purpose systems and thus is not suitable for use in compliance baselines.
This document provides tips for analysts on how to raise a notice when irregular activity is observed on a network. This vulnerability can result in authentication bypass and affects a limited number of applications. These toolkits and product are used to deploy RSA SecurID Token Authentication to authenticate users to workstations, web servers, and network devices. This document analyzes various elements and objects that are contained within the TIFF file structure and then discusses data hiding, data attack, and data disclosure risks.
It will describe how these elements can be a cause for concern from hidden, sensitive data or from possible attempts to exploit a system. This document provides numerous recommendations and mitigations that could be used to ensure the TIFF file is safer and more accurately conforms to the specification. The vulnerability allows recovery of a private key when only possessing a public key. Much of the published guidance focuses on Windows but the vulnerability is not in Windows.
All systems and devices that include or use the vulnerable library are affected. Cisco Smart Install Protocol Misuse Abstract: Adversaries are likely exfiltrating copies of configuration files on internet accessible switches using the Cisco Smart Install functionality.
This protocol exposes infrastructure devices to increased operational risk, which could compromise device integrity. Some of the reported vulnerabilities can affect Junos OS across all products and platforms.
These vulnerabilities could result in denial of service, remote code execution, privilege escalation, or unauthorized access. According to Cisco, these vulnerabilities can allow attackers with knowledge of community strings or passwords to gain remote code execution on routers or conduct denial of service attacks.
Vulnerabilities are exploitable if SNMP is enabled and authentication is successful. To ensure a Cisco router is not at risk, MIBs and software versions need to be immediately checked for a wide range of affected products. The MIB whitelisting mitigation actions listed in this IAA should be implemented regardless of platform and operating system version.
The Low Pin Count LPC clock signal gradually degrades with use, potentially causing the device to cease operation and fail to boot. These processors are embedded in several types of network and enterprise devices i. Suppliers are working with customers to replace or repair affected products. NSA recommends working with system suppliers as soon as possible to determine if devices are affected and create an appropriate replacement or repair strategy, depending on the criticality of the network system and use condition.
Advanced Concepts - Information Assurance Solutions at the Speed of Technology Abstract: With the accelerating pace of innovation and the convergence of new technologies such as the Internet of Things IoT , it is increasingly difficult to manage growing IA risk. With security sometimes underinvested when bringing technologies quickly to market, potential IA vulnerabilities can be exploited at alarming rates, globally impacting civilian entities, government entities, and organizations across all industries.
For this reason, web server security is essential. The release patched several zero-day vulnerabilities. In response to widespread ransomware attacks against unpatched or unsupported platforms, Microsoft has also released the same security updates for specific unsupported Windows platforms. Its immediate installation is critical for Department of Defense networks and other National Security Systems. Microsoft and Windows are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corp.
The vulnerability allows an unprivileged network attacker to perform a remote privilege escalation. It also allows an unprivileged local user to perform the privilege escalation. Intel has released detection and mitigation guidance recommending that system owners seek firmware updates from the Original Equipment Manufacturers OEMs. Faulty Intel Atom C Processor Abstract: The Intel Atom C processor series has a critical flaw, the clock signal component degrades after months of operational usage.
As a consequence, the degradation of the processor will likely result in abrupt device failure. This processor supplies critical clock signal timing to other hardware components, including the boot ROM.
These processors have been embedded in several network and enterprise devices, which provide communication security and data storage services. Vendors are cooperating with customers to replace affected products.
NSA recommends to immediately remove and replace affected devices from operational networks. Privileged Access Management Abstract: Privileged Access Management PAM solutions protect and track the use of sensitive or critical capabilities such as administrative or service accounts.
PAM solutions provide a centralized management interface for authentication and access control throughout the network. This unification provides simplified device management as well as an improved, granular least privilege implementation. In some cases, access controls and management functions can be automated.
This memory location has been leveraged in attacks to successfully exploit a system. Microsoft developed and released the KB patch MS for bit and bit versions of Windows 7 and Windows 7 SP1 to mitigate this exploitation vector.
Least Privilege Abstract: The least privilege principle is the practice of restricting capabilities to only those who require them.
Removal of Server Message Block 1. The SMB 1. All supported versions of the Windows operating system support at least SMB 2. At a minimum, Microsoft recommends disabling SMB 1. If SMB 1. This document provides technical background, an overview of risks, and guidance for decision makers regarding SDN. For some networks, it may be impossible to mitigate critical risks due to architectural or implementation challenges. Commercial Solutions for Classified Tri-fold Abstract: Given constantly evolving mission requirements and the rapid pace of technology advancement, protecting national security systems and deploying information assurance solutions requires an agile, scalable process.
CSfC enables U. This provides the ability to securely communicate based on commercial standards in a solution that can be fielded in months, not years. Commercial Solutions for Classified Brochure Abstract: Given constantly evolving mission requirements and the rapid pace of technology advancement, protecting national security systems and deploying information assurance solutions requires an agile, scalable process.
All versions run over user datagram protocol UDP. Using SNMPv3 by itself is not enough to prevent abuse of the protocol.
Combining SNMPv3 with a Management Information Base MIB whitelisting approach using SNMP views can ensure that even with exposed credentials, information cannot be read from or written to the device unless the information is needed for monitoring or normal device re-configuration. This document is an updated re-release with the new NSA21 format.
This paper provides a strategy for hardening, defending, and detecting anomalous and malicious use of administrator tool sets. Windows 10 for Enterprises Abstract: This document describes features present in Windows 10 Enterprise bit that can disrupt exploitation techniques and tools used against national Security Systems today and how the timely adoption of new releases can help to protect systems in the future.
Long-lived Hashes for Active Directory SmartCard Required Accounts Abstract: It is well-known that passwords and their hashes can often be copied and reused by malicious cyber actors. Requiring smartcards or other hard tokens enables stronger authentication because they cannot be copied. When smartcards, are required to login to Windows Active Directory AD Domains, a random password is created and its hash is associated with the account.
In this case, the long random password is better than most user-chosen. Eliminating Control Flow Exploitation Abstract: Many attacks rely on the ability of an adversary to manipulate the normal, expected flow of the legitimate software executing on a platform. This talk will summarize the mitigations NSA is developing with industry to address this attack vector at a fundamental level and in a way that is largely invisible to the end user and administrator.
This brief will explore common challenges and suggest potential strategies to overcome them. This talk will highlight the security features in the most current version along with our recommended settings.
Mitigating Insider Threats Abstract: External cyber intrusions can be difficult to defend against. Internal intrusions by insiders are even more difficult to defend against.
Learn about mitigations that can be effective against insider threats. Comply to Connect Abstract: Ensuring that devices on a network are not vulnerable is hard to do. Comply to Connect C2C simplifies this by enforcing that patches and hardened configuration are applied to devices before they connect and updated continually.
Learn about the benefits of C2C and how easily it can be leveraged to improve most networks. Learn about some of the common barriers to implementing Application Whitelisting and the best practices for overcoming them.
This presentation will be at the Intermediate level. Application Isolation Containment Abstract: Given that writing fully secure code remains an elusive goal, other techniques such as isolating processes to limit the adverse effect of a compromise are promising.
This talk will summarize some of the techniques, both integrated into the operating system and available as third party add-ons, to provide this isolation. To do this, key workforce functions must be capable of performing each of its tasks at a one hundred percent proficiency.
Certifying mission-critical employees requires a comprehensive approach that is customized for each functional position. The critical tasks must be current and use the best learning technologies and management capabilities in the industry. This briefing will advise of Top 10 disclosures and mitigation that thwarts the use of the disclosed unclassified information. Compliance Training for Technical Professionals: A Case Study Abstract: Technical professionals need more than a list of requirements to build internal controls into systems — they need to learn what questions to ask up front to ensure they have the right compliance requirements.
Explore the evolution and development of Mission Compliance for Technical Professionals, an online training program designed for individuals that are building privacy compliance into systems, software, tools, and analytics. Learn about the challenge of incorporating Subject Matter Experts appropriate to each of the various technical work roles; training topics and key messages; recognizing and mitigating errors in all phases of the IT lifecycle — building, maintaining, and updating.
Government has sought the best means to protect national security interests without inappropriately undermining the value i. While past efforts have focused on managing supply chain risk associated with manufactured equipment and software, the new emerging concern is managing the risks associated with outsourced services. Making Mitigations Matter Measuring Host Mitigation State Abstract: Mitigations are a significant factor when considering the risks applicable to a network and must be accounted for in order to provide a sense of priority to any additional mitigations that should be applied.
This talk will explore means created or under development by NSA to accurately represent the state of mitigations on a network using automated risk scoring systems, with the results tied to the list of mitigations NSA believes are particularly critical. Why reinvent the wheel or drop something new, something distinguishable, when the tools used on every network every day will provide you all you need?
This paper provides a strategy for hardening, defending, and detecting anomalous, and malicious, use of administrator toolsets. Although VBA macros have legitimate uses, macros in Microsoft Office have proven themselves to be a long-lasting and increasingly popular attack vector. In response to this threat, Microsoft has recently provided an ability to block the execution of VBA macros, in files downloaded from the Internet, for Office3 and Hardening Authentication Update Abstract: On many networks, in order for users to be granted access to network resources, a user must prove that he or she is an authorized user.
This is the process of user authentication. A user can be authenticated by what he has e. More robust authentication processes use two or more of these factors, called multi-factor authentication. It provides methodologies to collect and analyze host and network data on ICS networks in order to baseline and secure these infrastructures. This vulnerability affects systems world-wide and is of National concern.
This privilege escalation vulnerability allows any unprivileged user, defined as a user with restricted permissions, to gain full root access. Security Configuration Guide for Browser Updates Abstract: Web browsers must be updated on a frequent basis in order to resist highly-scalable, low cost attacks. This document provides a per-browser approach for administrators to keep each major browser updated. Technical details provided in this guide are subject to change as operating systems and browser software evolve, but the overall strategies are likely to remain consistent.
Outdated Network Devices and Unsecure Protocols and Services Expose Network Infrastructure to Compromise Abstract: Outdated network devices have known and unknown vulnerabilities that expose the network to severe risk.
In many cases, these guides all address similar threats. However, each guide differs slightly because of legal requirements, local policy, and functional requirements. Because of this, the settings may vary from one set of recommendations to the next. The "Organizations that produce publicly available security guidance" section contains a summary of each security guide.
Microsoft provides guidance for how to help secure our own operating systems. We have developed the following three levels of security settings:. We thoroughly tested this guidance for use in many customer scenarios. The guidance is appropriate for any organization that wishes to help secure its Windows-based computers. We fully support our guides because of the extensive testing that we have conducted in our application compatibility laboratories on those guides.
Visit the following Microsoft websites to download our guides:. If you experience issues or have comments after you implement the Microsoft Security Guides, you can provide feedback by sending an email message to secwish microsoft. CIS has developed benchmarks to provide information that helps organizations make informed decisions about certain available security choices.
CIS has provided three levels of security benchmarks:. If you experience issues or have comments after you implement the CIS benchmark settings, contact CIS by sending an email message to win2k-feedback cisecurity. Note CIS's guidance has changed since we originally published this article November 3, CIS's current guidance resembles the guidance that Microsoft provides.
For more information about the guidance that Microsoft provides, read the "Microsoft Corporation" section earlier in this article. NIST has created four levels of security guidance that are used by the United States Federal Agencies, private organizations, and public organizations:.
NIST's current guidance resembles the guidance that Microsoft provides. DISA's current guidance is similar or identical to the guidance that Microsoft provides. NSA has developed a single level of guidance that corresponds approximately with the High Security level that is produced by other organizations. To provide feedback on the Windows guides, send an email message to w2kguides nsa.
Note NSA's guidance has changed since we originally published this article November 3, NSA's current guidance is similar or identical to the guidance that Microsoft provides. As mentioned earlier in this article, the high security levels that are described in some of these guides were designed to significantly restrict the functionality of a system. Because of this restriction, you should thoroughly test a system before you deploy these recommendations.
Note The security guidance that is provided for the SoHo, Legacy, or Enterprise levels has not been reported to severely affect system functionality. This Knowledge Base article is primarily focused on the guidance that is associated with the highest security level. We strongly support industry efforts to provide security guidance for deployments in high security areas. We continue to work with security standards groups to develop useful hardening guidance that is fully tested.
Security guidelines from third parties are always issued with strong warnings to fully test the guidelines in target high-security environments. However, these warnings are not always heeded. Make sure that you thoroughly test all security configurations in your target environment. Security settings that differ from those that we recommend may invalidate the application-compatibility testing that is performed as part of the operating system testing process. Additionally, we and third parties specifically discourage applying the draft guidance in a live production environment instead of in a test environment.
The high levels of these security guides include several settings that you should carefully evaluate before you implement them. Although these settings may provide additional security benefits, the settings may have an adverse effect on the usability of the system.
Windows XP and later versions of Windows have significantly tightened permissions throughout the system. Therefore, extensive changes to default permissions should not be necessary.
Additional discretionary access control list DACL changes may invalidate all or most of the application compatibility testing that is performed by Microsoft. Frequently, changes such as these have not undergone the thorough testing that Microsoft has performed on other settings. Support cases and field experience have shown that DACL edits change the fundamental behavior of the operating system, frequently in unintended ways.
These changes affect application compatibility and stability and reduce functionality, with regard to both performance and capability. Because of these changes, we do not recommend that you modify file system DACLs on files that are included with the operating system on production systems. We recommend that you evaluate any additional ACL changes against a known threat to understand any potential advantages that the changes may lend to a specific configuration.
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