Each student was classified as: Same seat as at last measurement Adjacent seat Different seat, not adjacent Absent h.
Physicians per capita. The number of physicians was counted in each of 50 cities. The researchers used population data to compute the number of physicians per capita. Phvsical attractiveness. A panel of ten judges rated each of 50 photos of a mixed-race sample of males and females for physical attractiveness on a scale from 0 to 20 , with 20 being the highest score.
Number of accidents. The number of traffic accidents per year for each of 20 intersections was recorded. Also, each accident was rated as: Minor damage, no injuries Moderate damage, personal injury requiring hospitalization Severe damage and injury.
For each research project listed here, identify the variables and classify them in terms of level of measurement and whether they are independent or dependent. For a research project in a political science course, a student collected information for 50 nations.
She used infant mortality rates the number of infant deaths per , population as a measure of quality of life and the percentage of all adults who are permitted to vote as a measure of democratization. Her hypothesis was that quality of life is higher in more democratic nations.
A highway engineer wonders whether increasing the speed limit on a heavily traveled highway will result in more accidents. He plans to collect information on traffic volume, number of accidents, and number of fatalities for the sixmonth periods before and after the speed limit is changed. Students are planning a program to promote "safe sex" and awareness of other health concerns on campus.
To measure the effectiveness of the program, they plan to survey students about their knowledge of safe sex practices before and after the program. A graduate student asks female students whether they have experienced any sexual harassment on campus. Each student is asked to estimate the frequency of these incidents as either "often, sometimes, rarely, or never. A supervisor in the solid waste management division of city government is assessing two different methods of trash collection.
One area of the city is served by trucks with two-man crews who do "backyard" pickups, and the rest of the city is served by "high-tech" single-person trucks with curbside pickup. The assessment measures include the number of complaints received from the two different areas over a six-month period, the amount of time per day required to service each area, and the cost per ton of trash collected. Does tolerance for diversity vary by race or ethnicity? Samples of white, black, Asian, Hispanic, and Native Americans have been given a survey that measures their interest in and appreciation of cultures other than their own.
Degree of tolerance is scored as "high, moderate, or low. States have drastically cut their budgets for mental health care. Will this increase the number of homeless people? A researcher contacts a number of agencies serving the homeless in each state and develops an estimate of the size of the homeless population before and after the cuts. The adult bookstore near campus has been raided and closed by the police.
Your social research class has decided to poll a sample of students to find out whether he or she supports the store's closing, how many times each has visited the store, and whether he or she agrees that "pornography causes sexual assaults on women. Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, unless the item is handmade or was packaged by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging, such as an unprinted box or plastic bag.
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Tell me about Cengage eTextbooks. I emphasize interpretation and understanding statistics in the context of social science research, but I have not sacrificed comprehensive coverage or statistical correctness. Mathematical explanations are kept at an elementary level, as is appropriate in a first exposure to social statistics. For example, I do not treat formal probability theory per se in the text.
At the same time, students are not overwhelmed with abstract proofs, formula derivations, or mathematical theory, which can needlessly frustrate the learning experience at this level.
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