Indicative Mood states an actuality or fact. Imperative Mood makes a request. The following verbs often attract the subjunctive mood: ask, recommend, suggest, wish, insist, order, commend, request, and demand. A verb in the subjunctive mood may have a different form. The subjunctive for the present tense third-person singular drops the s or es so that it looks and sounds like the present tense for everything else.
In the subjunctive mood, the verb to be is be in the present tense and were in the past tense, regardless of what the subject is. The second verb is in a clause following a verb expressing a wish. It suggests a non- factual or doubtful condition. Auxiliary Verbs "Be," "Do," "Have" An auxiliary verb helps the main full verb and is also called a "helping verb. Auxiliary verbs are: be, do, have, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought, etc.
The verb forms of be, do, and have can be used either as a main full verb or an auxiliary verb. The following examples show these verbs used as auxiliary verbs. Did you have a conflict with that time? I must ask that you explain the reason. They are used as auxiliary verbs only and always need a main verb to follow.
Shall Mainly used in American English to ask questions politely it has more usages in British English. For the future tense, will is more frequently used in American English than shall.
It was really beautiful. It is too late. His dance was amazing. Her performance was amazing. I can, could, may, might, must have lost it.
How is that possible? Prepositions "On," "At," and "In" A preposition is a word that links a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to some other part of the sentence.
Prepositions can be tricky for English learners. There is no definite rule or formula for choosing a preposition. In the beginning stage of learning the language, you should try to identify a preposition when reading or listening in English and recognize its usage. Here are a few common prepositions and examples.
After flying for many hours, we finally got off the airplane. We walked out the exit and went to the baggage claim area. There were hundreds of different bags on the conveyer belt. I almost picked up the wrong one because it looked like mine. Kim yesterday. In other words, it is It was with, over, by the radio on my desk. Coordinating Conjunctions and Correlative Conjunctions A conjunction joins words or groups of words in a sentence. There are three types of conjunctions: 1. Coordinating Conjunctions a.
Connect words, phrases, or clauses that are independent or equal b. Correlative Conjunctions a. Used in pairs b. Subordinating Conjunctions a. Used at the beginning of subordinate clauses b. Coordinating Conjunctions 1. Correlative Conjunctions 1. Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating Conjunctions 1. Conjunctive Adverbs Conjunctive adverbs are words that join independent clauses into one sentence.
A conjunctive adverb helps you create a shorter sentence. When you use a conjunctive adverb, put a semicolon ; before it and a comma , after it. Some examples of conjunctive adverbs are: accordingly, also, besides, consequently, finally, however, indeed, instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, next, otherwise, still, therefore, then, etc.
Conjunctive adverbs look like coordinating conjunctions and, but, or, so, for, yet, nor ; however, they are not as strong as coordinating conjunctions and they are punctuated differently. A conjunctive adverb is also used in a single main clause. In this case, a comma , is used to separate the conjunctive adverb from the sentence. Instead, she drove her car. Meanwhile, Jill wants a dollhouse for her birthday. Likewise, I went home. Indefinite and Definite Articles The words a, an, and the are special adjectives called articles.
Interjections An interjection is a word that expresses some kind of emotion. It can be used as filler. Interjections do not have a grammatical function in the sentence and are not related to the other parts of the sentence. If an interjection is omitted, the sentence still makes sense. It can stand alone. That hurts.
What a beautiful dress! When you are expressing a strong emotion, use an exclamation mark! A comma , can be used for a weaker emotion. Interjections do the following: 1. That was my mistake. Do I need to do it again? I will do it! You really need to be on a diet. A: I got a perfect score on the math exam. B: Well. Nope, Hey, or Geez My computer just broke.
Capitalization Capitalization means using a capital letter for example, A instead of a. The use of capital letters helps readers read your writing without confusion.
Always capitalize the following: The first word in a sentence. The pronoun I. The first letter of a proper noun specific name. The first letter of months, days, and holidays but not seasons. The first letter of nationalities, religions, races of people, and languages.
Geographic areas: cities, states, countries, mountains, oceans, rivers, etc. Historical periods. The first letter of each major word in the title of a book, movie, article, etc. It uses a grammar-based approach integrated with communicative methodologies to prmote the development of all language skills.
While keeping the same basic approach and materials as in earlier edtions, the fourth edition continues to build on the foundation of understanding form and meaning by engaging students in meaningful communication about real actions, real things, and their own lives in classroom context. Several of the new features are: Information in the grammar charts highlighting important differences between spoken and written English; Step-by-step writing activities with models for students to follow; Innovative warm-up exercises that precede the grammar charts and introduce points to be taught; Newly created exercises to give students more incremental grammar practice; Structure-based listening exercises that introduce students to relaxed, reduced speech'--Page 4 of cover.
The Fundamentals of English Grammar, consists of self-study exercises for independent work. A classic developmental skills text for lower-intermediate and intermediate English language learners, Fundamentals of English Grammar is a comprehensive grammar as well as a stimulating and teachable classroom text. Hagen, offers concise, accurate, level-appropriate grammar information with an abundance of exercises, contexts, and classroom activities. Features of Basic English Grammar, Third Edition: Increased speaking practice through interactive pair and group work.
New structure-focused listening exercises. More activities that provide real communication opportunities. Added illustrations to help students learn vocabulary, understand contexts, and engage in communicative language tasks. New Workbook solely devoted to self-study exercises. The Workbook consists of self-study exercises, with answers included, providing students with the opportunity to explore and practice grammar independently. It is keyed to the explanatory grammar charts in the Student Book.
Volume B of the Workbook includes Chapters plus the Appendices. New to this edition: more contextualized exercises micro-practice new readings with targeted grammar practice updated real-world vocabulary. Using a time-tested approach that has helped millions of students around the world, Fundamentals of English Grammar blends direct grammar instruction with carefully sequenced practice to developspeaking, writing, listening, and reading skills. The fifth edition has been extensively revised to keep pace with advances in theory and practice, particularly from cognitive science.
Now more than ever, teachers will find an extensive range of presentations, activities, and tasks to meet the specific needs of their classes. Numerous exercises have been added to provide more incremental practice. Students do not have to wait for longer passages to work with meaning. All end-of-chapter tasks include writing tips and editing checklists.
MyEnglishLab: Azar access code in Student Book includes: Extensive grammar practice with more than new interactive exercises for practice in listening, speaking, and reading. Learner support with pop-up notes and grammar charts for easy access to information. Ongoing assessment, with immediate feedback on practice activities and tests, so students can monitor their own progress.
Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are one-stop resources for students. This, that, these, those. Passive voice. Comparative and superlative. Relative clause. Countable and uncountable noun. Do or make. So, too, either, neither.
Irregular verb. Adverbs of frequency. Reflexive Pronouns. Possessive adjectives and pronouns. Reported speech.
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